Difference between revisions of "Mercury"

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[[Image:MercuryScrshot.jpg|thumb|right|Mercury in Orbiter]]
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:25px 0 0 10px; border:3px solid lightsteelblue;width:250px; font-size:90%; font-family:'Arial','Helvetica'; float: right; clear: right;"Template in Orbiter"
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Mercury is the closest planet to the [[Sun]]. It has no natural satellites.
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2" align="center" |Mercury
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|-
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|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:MercuryScrshot.jpg|240px]]
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|-
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|colspan="2" align="center"|'''Mercury in Orbiter'''
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|-
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Designation
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|-
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|Name||align="right"|Mercury
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|-
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|width="30%"|Reference body||align="right" width="30%"|Sun
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|-
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|width="30%"|Number of satellites||align="right" width="30%"|0
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|-
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary mean orbits
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|-
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|width="30%"|Epoch||align="right" width="50%"|J2000 (1 January 2000)
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|-
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|width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|0.38709893 AU <br> 5.790917567×10<sup>7</sup> km)
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|-
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|width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="30%"|0.20563069
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|-
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|width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|7.00487° <br> (0.122258 radian)
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|-
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|width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"|48.33167° <br> (0.8436468 radian)
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|-
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|width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|77.45645° <br> (1.351870 radian)
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|-
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|width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|252.25084° <br> (4.402608 radian)
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|-
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary orbital element centennial rates
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|-
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|width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|0.00000066 AU/Century
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|-
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|width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="50%"|0.00002527 Century<sup>-1</sup>
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|-
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|width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|-23.51 seconds/Century
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|-
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|width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"|-446.30 seconds/Century
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|-
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|width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|573.57 seconds/Century
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|-
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|width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|538101628.29 seconds/Century
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|-
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Selected physical parameters
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|-
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|width="30%"|Mean radius||align="right" width="30%"|2440 km
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|-
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|width="30%"|Mass||align="right" width="30%"|3.301880×10<sup>23</sup> kg
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|-
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|width="30%"|Density||align="right" width="30%"|5.427 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
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|-
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|width="30%"|Sidereal rotation period||align="right" width="30%"|1407.509 hours
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|-
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|width="30%"|Sidereal orbit period||align="right" width="30%"|0.2408445 years
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|-
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|width="30%"|Magnitude V(1,0)||align="right" width="30%"|-0.42
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|-
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|width="30%"|Geometric albedo||align="right" width="30%"|0.106
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|-
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|width="30%"|Equatorial gravity||align="right" width="30%"|3.701 m/s<sup>2</sup>
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|-
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|width="30%"|Escape velocity||align="right" width="30%"|4.435 km/s
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|-
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|width="30%"|SOI radius (estimated)||align="right" width="30%"|1.904×10<sup>6</sup> m
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|-
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Rotation elements
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|-
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|width="30%"|North pole right ascension (α<sub>1</sup>)||align="right" width="30%"|280.99°
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|-
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|width="30%"|North pole declination (δ<sub>1</sup>)||align="right" width="30%"|61.44°
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|-
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|width="30%"|Obliqutiy of ecliptic||align="right" width="30%"|7.01°
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|-
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|width="30%"|Longitude of Sun's transit||align="right" width="30%"|228.31°
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|-
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|width="30%"|Note||align="right" width="30%"|*Elements given are from Orbiter.pdf (2016)
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|}
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'''Mercury''' is the smallest planet in the [[Solar system|solar system]] and is the closest to the [[Sun|sun]]. Mercury is a rocky planet appearing much like the [[Moon|moon]] and has virtually no atmosphere (none is modeled in Orbiter), and has no natural satellites.
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Mercury was visited in 1974 and 1975 by Mariner 10 in two flybys and was again visited by MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting Mercury from 2011 to 2015 when it was deorbited. BepiColombo, a joint mission by the European Space Ageny (ESA) and Japan Aerospace Exploraation Agency (JAXA) was launched on 20 October 2018 and is scheduled to reach Mercury on 5 December 2025.
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== Orbital characteristics ==
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Mercury is the innermost planet in the system with a semimajor axis of 5.79×10<sup>7</sup> km. But, the orbital eccentricity is the largest of all the planets, about 0.2056, its distance ranging from 46 million to almost 70 million km from the Sun, and the inclination of its orbit is just over 7°, also largest of all the planets.
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== Physical characteristics ==
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Mercury's mean radius is 2440 km, smaller than Ganymede and Titan, but more massive at a bit more than 3.3×10<sup>23</sup> kg.<ref name="Orbiter2016"/> Mercury is unique in the solar system in that it is tidally locked with the Sun in a 3:2 spin-orbit resonance; it rotates three times for each two orbits around the Sun,  which means that one day on Mercury is two of its years.<ref name="Orbiter2016"> Orbiter.pdf (2016)</ref> It also has the smallest axial tilt with respect to its orbit, about 2 arcminutes.
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== Geological features ==
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In Orbiter 2016, Mercury is modeled as a sphere with no elevations, but visually, it has a texture and approximately 300 named features on Mercury have been included in the stock Orbiter 2016, albedo features as well as craters, ridges, plains, escarpments, valleys, and one mountain.
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See [[Geology of Mercury]] for list of features.
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== Notice to pilots ==
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CAUTION! It is to be noted by pilots flying close to the ground at Mercury when approaching the North and South poles. If the vessel crosses either pole at low altitude and any great speed, errors in the simulator causes the scenario to freeze and may cause Crash to Desktop. However, if the pole is approached at very low speed, perhaps one or a few meters per second, the vessel can pass over and even land at the pole.
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When grounded or flying low, the DeltaGlider headlight does not light up the ground.
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== Add-ons ==
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===== Topography and Textures =====
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/planet-mercury-level-8-high-resolution-surface.3449/ Planet Mercury Level 8 High Resolution Surface] released 19 October 2004 by BigJimW providing level 8 textures for Mercury.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/mercury-level-8-textures.3682/ Mercury level 8 textures] released 23 January 2012 by ''Felipi1205'', provides level 8 texture for Mercury.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/mercury-heightmap-level-9-global-textures.3679/ Mercury heightmap + Level 9 global textures], released 23 April 2013 by ''4throck'', provides level 9 topogrraphy and textures for Mercury.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/mercury-level-11.228/ Mercury Level 11] released 30 September 2013 by ''Post much?'' provides level 11 for Mercury.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/mercury-surface-and-heightmap-tiles-for-orbiter-2016.1694/ Mercury surface and heightmap tiles for Orbiter 2016], released 1 December 2016 by ''asbjos'', provides level 7 topography and level 8 surface features for the planet. A new Mercury.cfg will load the 3D terrain, however, the existing mercury.cfg should be backed up before installation.
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===== Mariner 10 =====
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Historically the first probe to use gravitational assists and first probe to visit Mercury. It made three fly-by's of Mercury between November 1973 and March 1974, but did not enter orbit.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/gep-mariner-10-to-orbiter-2010.4461/ GEP - Mariner 10 to Orbiter 2010], released 29 May 2011 by ''Felipi125''.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/gep-mariner-10.1323/ GEP - Mariner 10] released 19 June 2004 by ''missleman01''.
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===== MESSENGER =====
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Historically the first probe to enter orbit around Mercury. After three fly-by's between January 2008 and September 2009, it entered an highly elliptical orbit around Mercury on March 18th, 2011.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/messenger.426/ Messenger] released 26 JUne 2006 by unknown author.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/messenger-moi.1569/ MESSENGER MOI] released 14 March 2011 by ''NukekET''.
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*[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/gep-messenger.4163/ GEP-Messenger] released 7 March 2012 by ''TheXFiles19''.
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== External links ==
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*[[w:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] at Wikipedia
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*[[w:Mariner 10|Mariner 10 mission]] at Wikipedia
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*[[w:MESSENGER|MESSENGER mission]] at Wikipedia
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== References ==
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<references/>
  
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Go to [[:Category:Addons for Mercury|Addons for Mercury]]
 
  
 
[[Category:Celestial bodies]]
 
[[Category:Celestial bodies]]
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{{SolarSystem}}
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{{Planet-Stub}}
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[[Category: Articles]]
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[[Category:Solar System]]
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[[Category: Planets]]

Latest revision as of 03:11, 15 April 2024

Mercury
MercuryScrshot.jpg
Mercury in Orbiter
Designation
Name Mercury
Reference body Sun
Number of satellites 0
Planetary mean orbits
Epoch J2000 (1 January 2000)
Semimajor axis (a) 0.38709893 AU
5.790917567×107 km)
Eccentricity (e) 0.20563069
Inclination (i) 7.00487°
(0.122258 radian)
Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊) 48.33167°
(0.8436468 radian)
Longitude of periapsis (ϖ) 77.45645°
(1.351870 radian)
Mean longitude (L) 252.25084°
(4.402608 radian)
Planetary orbital element centennial rates
Semimajor axis (a) 0.00000066 AU/Century
Eccentricity (e) 0.00002527 Century-1
Inclination (i) -23.51 seconds/Century
Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊) -446.30 seconds/Century
Longitude of periapsis (ϖ) 573.57 seconds/Century
Mean longitude (L) 538101628.29 seconds/Century
Selected physical parameters
Mean radius 2440 km
Mass 3.301880×1023 kg
Density 5.427 g/cm3
Sidereal rotation period 1407.509 hours
Sidereal orbit period 0.2408445 years
Magnitude V(1,0) -0.42
Geometric albedo 0.106
Equatorial gravity 3.701 m/s2
Escape velocity 4.435 km/s
SOI radius (estimated) 1.904×106 m
Rotation elements
North pole right ascension (α1) 280.99°
North pole declination (δ1) 61.44°
Obliqutiy of ecliptic 7.01°
Longitude of Sun's transit 228.31°
Note *Elements given are from Orbiter.pdf (2016)


Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and is the closest to the sun. Mercury is a rocky planet appearing much like the moon and has virtually no atmosphere (none is modeled in Orbiter), and has no natural satellites.

Mercury was visited in 1974 and 1975 by Mariner 10 in two flybys and was again visited by MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting Mercury from 2011 to 2015 when it was deorbited. BepiColombo, a joint mission by the European Space Ageny (ESA) and Japan Aerospace Exploraation Agency (JAXA) was launched on 20 October 2018 and is scheduled to reach Mercury on 5 December 2025.

Orbital characteristics[edit]

Mercury is the innermost planet in the system with a semimajor axis of 5.79×107 km. But, the orbital eccentricity is the largest of all the planets, about 0.2056, its distance ranging from 46 million to almost 70 million km from the Sun, and the inclination of its orbit is just over 7°, also largest of all the planets.

Physical characteristics[edit]

Mercury's mean radius is 2440 km, smaller than Ganymede and Titan, but more massive at a bit more than 3.3×1023 kg.[1] Mercury is unique in the solar system in that it is tidally locked with the Sun in a 3:2 spin-orbit resonance; it rotates three times for each two orbits around the Sun, which means that one day on Mercury is two of its years.[1] It also has the smallest axial tilt with respect to its orbit, about 2 arcminutes.

Geological features[edit]

In Orbiter 2016, Mercury is modeled as a sphere with no elevations, but visually, it has a texture and approximately 300 named features on Mercury have been included in the stock Orbiter 2016, albedo features as well as craters, ridges, plains, escarpments, valleys, and one mountain.

See Geology of Mercury for list of features.

Notice to pilots[edit]

CAUTION! It is to be noted by pilots flying close to the ground at Mercury when approaching the North and South poles. If the vessel crosses either pole at low altitude and any great speed, errors in the simulator causes the scenario to freeze and may cause Crash to Desktop. However, if the pole is approached at very low speed, perhaps one or a few meters per second, the vessel can pass over and even land at the pole.

When grounded or flying low, the DeltaGlider headlight does not light up the ground.

Add-ons[edit]

Topography and Textures[edit]
  • Mercury Level 11 released 30 September 2013 by Post much? provides level 11 for Mercury.
  • Mercury surface and heightmap tiles for Orbiter 2016, released 1 December 2016 by asbjos, provides level 7 topography and level 8 surface features for the planet. A new Mercury.cfg will load the 3D terrain, however, the existing mercury.cfg should be backed up before installation.
Mariner 10[edit]

Historically the first probe to use gravitational assists and first probe to visit Mercury. It made three fly-by's of Mercury between November 1973 and March 1974, but did not enter orbit.

MESSENGER[edit]

Historically the first probe to enter orbit around Mercury. After three fly-by's between January 2008 and September 2009, it entered an highly elliptical orbit around Mercury on March 18th, 2011.

  • Messenger released 26 JUne 2006 by unknown author.

External links[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Orbiter.pdf (2016)


edit The Solar System
Central star

Sun (Sol)

Planets

Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune

Natural satellites

Moon - Phobos - Deimos - Io - Europa - Ganymede - Titan - more...

Add-ons

Planets - Dwarf Planets - Small objects - Natural satellites - Alternative star systems

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