Soyuz 7K-OK

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The Soyuz 7K-OK is the first generation of soviet Soyuz spacecraft, flying from November 11, 1966 to June 1, 1970. It had a crew of 2-3 astronauts and was produced in two versions, "Active" and "Passive", describing its role during docking and the configuration of the early docking port. It was a major evolution from the early Vostok spacecraft and plagued with early problems.

Description

The Soyuz spacecraft consists of three modules, of which only the descent module CA returns to Earth. Every module is specialized for its tasks.

Orbital Module БО

Extends habitable space, contains galley and toilet, acts as airlock, contains the ingress hatch for entering the spacecraft on the launch pad. Contains the Игла/Igla (Needle) docking guidance system. The orbital module is easily adapted for new docking adapters, docking guidance systems or scientific payloads.

Descent Module СА

Crew, crew seats, front hatch, Sirius-7K IDS, Visor (Визр) periscope, hydrogen peroxide attitude control, heat shield, landing rockets.

Propulsion Module ПО

Contains all navigation sensors, solar arrays, pressurized electronics compartment, hydrogen peroxide for the ДО and ДПО thrusters, Dinitrogentetroxide and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine for main(СКД) and backup engine (ДКД).

Subsystems

Attitude control

ДО (DO) and ДПО (DPO) thruster systems, using hydrogen peroxide.

45K sun tracker

TV cameras

КР-75, КР-71/1, КР-71/2, КР-91. КР-74 TV signal multiplexer.

СКД main engine

ДКД back-up engine

Missions

Active
Spacecraft
Active
launch date
Active
launch crew
Passive
Spacecraft
Passive
launch date
Passive
launch crew
Date of docking Active
landing date
Active
landing crew
Passive
landing date
Passive
landing crew
Comments
Cosmos 133 November 28, 1966 Unmanned Canceled November 29, 1966 Unmanned Canceled November 30, 1966 Unmanned Canceled Canceled Attitude control system failed, passive mission canceled, destroyed by 23 kg self-destruct charge over China. Also known as "Spacecraft No.2"
N/A N/A N/A Spacecraft no.1 December 14, 1966 16:00 Unmanned N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Lift-off failed, shortly afterwards SAS rocket activated, destroying the rocket in a fire and killing Major Korostylev.
Cosmos 140 February 7, 1967 Unmanned NA NA NA NA February 9, 1967 Unmanned NA NA 45K Sun tracker failed, depleting DPO propellants and batteries, landed in water and sank, because of a heat shield burn-through
Soyuz 1 April 23, 1967 03:35 MT Komarov Soyuz 2 Canceled Bykovsky, Yeliseyev, Khrunov Canceled April 24, 1967 06:24 MT Komarov Canceled Canceled Attitude control system failed again, parachutes failed during landing, killing Komarov
Cosmos 186 October 27, 1967 Unmanned Cosmos 188 October 30, 1967 Unmanned October 30, 1967 October 31, 1967 Unmanned November 2, 1967 Unmanned Achieved only soft-docking, again problems with 45K sensor, passive spacecraft self-destructed before reentry after passing an "Ion pocket" over Brazil
Cosmos 212 April 14, 1968 Unmanned Cosmos 213 April 15, 1968 Unmanned April 15, 1968 April 19, 1968 Unmanned April 20, 1968 Unmanned Achieved hard-docking, first guided reentry by Cosmos 212, both spacecraft badly damaged by the parachute dragging them over ground after landing

References