Single Stage to Orbit

From OrbiterWiki
Revision as of 09:14, 10 September 2007 by 221.12.134.132 (talk)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

zelig off nuovi comici foto www yele com mx amore sotto coperta ya no tengo nada que dedir a gabbia nuda buoni op cattivi zonelabs zonealarm in italiano zwan baia riace www nationalrail co uk yessica www hotelleonessa it baranzelli blue breathe esey www insiemeperlosport com ben onono tatouage blue biblioteche www epm net com co you shoud realy know www teramonews it yume no naka he www 191 it yvi queen biagio antonaccci attenti a quei due napoletani arrivederci papà www ytv com britney maxim basaglia conferenze brasiliane yoto beyonce baby boy boemian like you www b boy com www eminem amore dolce amore bipop it bocchinare seghe bui birkenau bad as strippa antologia di petrolini ballo ballo di raffaella carra blue mary buoni o cattovi web cam maschi gratis yah ziering x clamp character file o s t www photsex com basado en hechos reales www seca y todo queda en nada www radargames it xxl bini sincero www japancar bts dietetique bring me to love break s beer xavier www ilpalermocalcio it banco del mutuo soccorso bah7 www bazar beatiful minds firenze black cheerleder www icest com mx beir you don t have to sayu www rossifumi it base midi www musicaitaliana com zanotta balck betty bajar videos clik de reggaeton bull terrier bellissimi tv your song di elton john bocelli remix www beyblade com baglioni album www pavesi yorki2003 libero it blocco trasporti www cicap org ygoogle banca 121 xellos e philia zeze di yeah di usher zacatecaz zac basi cartoons www consorziogesco it xxxsupersize yaview www load a game it black milk www ueicap it www pinko com bleff writer www sexoguarras com ya no me acuedo arsenale arabella big brother all star be free www officejetsupport com yeha uscher afrodite dea dell'amore bighands com www gruppoivas com basi musicali karaoke caparezza fuori www tutto moda uomo com x lamentele a publiweb www mago elios www chatpoint it windows mediaplayer 9series www eteroplasia it www kledi it yughi ho da colorare zoccoli moda mare beth fitchet black gayfat gay sexe bounce why bourre www el popular com brahms hungarian dance 5 yugioh pc game yahuu babasonicos delectrico www dark it www fly4less com xxx arab girls vree and action baglioni ami piu come te zenithdj zurzolo brancaccio brasile e il carnevale beheaded us hostage webcam perso brandy moda banchi per gelaterie vendita boom mid anastacia www supercheats com xcamsupport www ticketone it yume no naka briney spears www lastminute touroperator com A Single-Stage-to-Orbit launcher is a launch system which reaches at least low earth orbit with only a single stage. This definition does not even allow booster stages, which are called one-and-a-half stage launchers (eg. Atlas, R7). In Orbiter the Delta-glider is an example of an SSTO vessel.


Historic Concepts

  • TODO
  • Nova
  • Phil Bono Designs

Current SSTO designs

TODO

Why is there no SSTO?

Though throughout the history of spaceflight there have been many SSTO designs, no such design was ever put into production. The reasons for this are not only economic in nature; there are also substantial engineering problems that must be solved:

  1. Fuel tanks - The biggest problem for all SSTO designs lies in the ratio between launch mass and payload mass. In the rocket equation, this parameter is part of the mass ratio. Because SSTOs can't drop construction mass during launch, they have to carry the large fuel tanks into orbit, even when they are almost empty. While multistage launchers can simply drop a stage and reduce the construction mass during ascent, a single-stage rocket has to accelerate the whole structure into orbit.
  2. Engine performance - The engines on an SSTO have to work from launch (at ambient pressure) until reaching orbit in a vacuum. While multistage rockets simply use optimized engines for each phase of the ascent, SSTO designs rely often on complex and often unrealistic engine designs.
  3. Recovery - An SSTO launcher only makes economic sense when it can be reused. However, making the system reusable increases structure and fuel mass (in other words, total launch mass).

Many past SSTO designs have been multimillion kilogram vehicles, standing taller than the Saturn V.

Alternatives

EADS Bremen is currently developing a Single-Stage-to-Suborbital launch vehicle with a reuseable winged first stage. This approach needs significantly less fuel for ascent and landing. Similar approaches had been pursued by the USA until the mid nineties, but were discontinued as a result of budget cuts.