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| − | '''Human spaceflight''' (also referred to as '''crewed spaceflight''' or '''manned spaceflight''') is [[spaceflight|space travel]] with a [[Astronaut|crew]] or passengers aboard the [[spacecraft]]. Spacecraft carrying people may be operated directly, by human crew, or it may be either remotely operated from ground stations on Earth or be autonomous, able to carry out a specific mission with no human involvement. | + | '''Human spaceflight''' (also referred to as '''crewed spaceflight''' or '''manned spaceflight''') is [[spaceflight|space travel]] with a [[Astronaut|crew]] or passengers aboard the [[spacecraft]]. Spacecraft carrying people may be operated directly, by human crew, or it may be either [[telerobotic|remotely operated]] from ground stations on Earth or be [[autonomous robot|autonomous]], able to carry out a specific mission with no human involvement. |
| − | The [[Vostok 1|first human spaceflight]] was launched by the Soviet Union on April | + | The [[Vostok 1|first human spaceflight]] was launched by the [[USSR|Soviet Union]] on [[Cosmonautics Day|12 April 1961]] as a part of the [[Vostok program]], with [[cosmonaut]] [[Yuri Gagarin]] aboard. Humans have been continuously present in space for {{age in years and days|2 November 2000|sep=and}} on the [[International Space Station]]. All early human spaceflight was crewed, where at least some of the passengers acted to carry out tasks of piloting or operating the spacecraft. After 2015, several human-capable spacecraft are being explicitly designed with the ability to operate autonomously. |
| − | [[Russia]] and [[China]] have human spaceflight capability with the [[Soyuz program]] and [[Shenzhou program]]. In the [[United States]], [[SpaceShipTwo]] reached the edge of space in 2018; this was the first crewed spaceflight from the USA since the [[Space Shuttle]] retired in 2011. Currently, all expeditions to the International Space Station use [[Soyuz]] vehicles, which remain attached to the station to allow | + | [[Russia]] and [[China]] have human spaceflight capability with the [[Soyuz program]] and [[Shenzhou program]]. In the [[United States]], [[SpaceShipTwo]] reached the edge of space in 2018; this was the first crewed spaceflight from the USA since the [[Space Shuttle]] retired in 2011. Currently, all expeditions to the International Space Station use [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] vehicles, which remain attached to the station to allow quick return if needed. The [[United States]] is developing commercial crew transportation to facilitate domestic access to ISS and low Earth orbit, as well as the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion]] vehicle for beyond-low Earth orbit applications. |
==Orbital human spaceflight== | ==Orbital human spaceflight== | ||
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Human [[suborbital]] spaceflight programs: | Human [[suborbital]] spaceflight programs: | ||
*[[X-15]], 1962 | *[[X-15]], 1962 | ||
| − | *[[ | + | *[[SpaceShipOne]], 2004 |
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| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:manned space program]] |